But, how did the outage happen?
Solana blockchain stopped creating new blocks due to something called a run-time bug. As a result crypto-miners or ‘validators’ were not able to mine new blocks and earn rewards. Run time bug causes a situation where validators process failed transactions twice, leading to a complete stoppage of the network.
Mining is essentially a verifying game. Every transaction that occurs on any blockchain has to be verified by crypto miners. If a failed transaction gets verified by miners, the whole blockchain is disrupted. This is the disadvantage of the PoS consensus mechanism.
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Unlike Proof-of-Work (PoW) used by Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc where every miner is independently verifying transactions, PoS chooses one miner from the mining pool. So, if the miner verifies a false transaction, the whole blockchain becomes non-functional. This also causes blockchain to split into two parts, ultimately stopping blockchain for hours altogether.
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